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SAT备考 | SAT文法知识点第28期

2022-12-16 11:26     作者 :    

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1.含义:
句中的标点符号使用要规范。
2.类型:
(1)破折号和冒号符号
3. 用法
破折号
(1)表示停顿并强调破折号后面内容,但不能分隔句子。
例句1: The students seem happy enough with the new plan, but the alumni — there was the problem.
解析:本句是有but引导的转折句,alumni后的破折号只表示停顿。
(2)双进双出:强调插入成分,往往与前面的名词内容重复
例句2: It will prevent corporations — large and small — from buying influence with campaign contributions.
解析:本句的large and small由双破折号连接,表示大小公司,与前面corporation内容重复。
冒号
(1)连接两个独立句。
①独立句:简单句或主从句,不能只是从句。
例如1: Tom is a student: he studies SAT.
解析:本句中冒号分隔两个简单句,第二个句子解释说明SAT。
例如2: Tom is a student who studies SAT: it is one of the standard tests.
解析:本句中由冒号分隔主从句和简单句,第二个句子解释说明SAT。
(2)后加短语,表示解释说明,冒号之前必须是句子。
例如3: Tom who studies SAT: one of the standard tests in the world. ❌
解析:本句冒号前只有Tom和who从句,主句没有谓语动词,所以错误,改为例句4.
例如4: Tom is a student who studies SAT: one of the standard tests in the world.
题目检测
题目检测 1
Qatar has spent over 200 billion dollars on constructions of FIFA World Cup 2022 to build fantastic skyscrapers, but the Labor Union said there were labor abuse problems - unlawful detention.
A. NO CHANGE
B. ,unlawful detention 
C. unlawful detention 
D. ,unlawful, detention 
解析:通过破折号看出是标点符号的考点,根据“表示停顿并强调破折号后面内容”的原则,排除B和C项;而D项中unlawful不是problems的插入语,用法错误,所以排除含有冒号的D项,所以选A。
题目检测2
Peter Watson a talented artist, makes sketches for his next painting.
A. NO CHANGE
B. ,a talented artist 
C. -a talented artist- 
D. a talented artist: 
解析:通过破折号看出是标点符号的考点,根据“主谓之间不能用标点隔开”的原则,排除A/B/D项;又根据“双进双出”的原则,本句中a talented artist是Peter Watson的插入语并修饰PW这个人,所以选C。
题目检测3
China, one of the fast growing countries in the world, achieved their goals one by one because they followed their 5-year plans , this pattern is adopted by many developing countries in Africa.
A. NO CHANGE
B. , this pattern,
C. : this pattern 
D. -this pattern
解析:通过逗号看出是标点符号的考点,主谓之间不能用标点隔开”的原则,排除A/B;又根据“破折号不能分隔句子”的原则,排除D项;而C项冒号后一句解释说明前一句的5年计划,所以选C。
题目检测4
After lost the quarter game of FIFA World Cup 2022, all players of Netherlands felt sad about their journeys on this game: a single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world.
A. NO CHANGE
B. ; a single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world 
C. , a single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world
D. . A single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world
解析:通过冒号看出是标点符号的考点,根据“句号和分号都可以分隔两个独立句”的原则,a single game后面只有which从句,而没有主句,所以不是独立句,所以排除B和D项;又根据“逗号不能分隔独立句”的原则,排除C项;再根据“后加短语,表示解释说明,冒号之前必须是句子”的原则,a single game+which从句解释说明前面的game,而game前面是独立句,所以选A。

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