
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句两种。定语从句的基本结构为:先行词+关系代词或关系副词+从句本身。
1、由who引导的定语从句中 , who用作主语 , 如 : This is the boy who often helps me。
2、由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home。
3、由whose引导的定语从句中 , whose用作定语 , 如 : Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4、由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:
The room in which there is a machine is a work shop。
The river which is in front of my house is very clean。
This is the pen which you want。
5、由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如:
The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun。
6、由when, where, why引导的定语从句,如:
I don't know the reason why he was late。
7、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等,这些关系代词都不能省略。
(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 , 没有这种从句 , 不影响主句意思的完整 , 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 , 关系代词用 which,不用that;指人时可用who,如 : I have two brothers, who are both students。
8、如何简化定语从句
(1).定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如:
My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here。
(2) 定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher。