
北京新航道为托福考生提供托福考试指导和建议。在托福考试中,若说词汇是基础,那么语法就是脉络,支撑着所有的题型。对同学来说,语法是令人头疼的,从开始接触,到学已数载,可能还是没弄明白。其实,语法并不是那么难懂,只要用心去揣摩,多做练习,就会潜移默化的懂了。在这了,我们针对托福考试中的语法分类做分析讲解,帮助考生复习,重拾语法信心。
现在分词
现在分词和过去分辞书首要区别在于:现在分词表自动意义;过去分词表被动意义。
现在分词较过去分词形式矫捷,除部门能接宾语之外,可有被动形式(being done)和完成式(having done, having been done), 当然being done和having been done也可理解成过去分词变形为进行式
1. 现在分词作定语
现在分词常接在名词之后作定语,经常可与定语从句替代
如:the man sitting behind me, 相当于:the man who is sitting behind me
the kids running about in the garden, 相当于:
the kids who are running about in the garden
单个的分词作定语可放在被润色词之前,如:the sleeping baby, a running nose
改错题中若呈现名词之后直接接动词,且之间是主谓关系,但不是句子主谓语,此处必定有错,可改为现在分词作定语
例题:
(1)
The boiled point of any liquid is determined by the pressure of the surrounding gases.
应改为:boiling.
诠释:沸点的英文表达应该是boiling point. 近似的表达如: boiling water(滚水); boiled暗示已完成的状况, 如boiled water意为白开水, 即已沸腾过的水
(2)
The slide rule uses sliding scales with marks ---- numbers and their logarithms.
(A) representing
(B) represented
(C) are represented
(D) they are representing
谜底:A
诠释:空格前是句子的主谓成分,空格处需要marks的定语,C, D可先解除;B是被动式,无法接宾语numbers; 是以A正确,是现在分词作定语
2. 现在分词作状语
分词还可在句中作状语,可放在句首、句中或句尾。现在分词作状语时,凡是都暗示主语正在进行的动作/陪同动作或者暗示原因。
1.现在分词短语可以作时刻状语,相当于when, while, as soon as等所指导的从句
如:Hearing the news, he couldn’t help crying.
= When he heard the news, he couldn’t help crying.
2.现在分词短语也可以暗示原因,庖代由since, as等所指导的从句
如:Not knowing what to do about the situation, she turned to him for help.
=Since she didn’t know what to do about the situation, she turned to him for help.
Being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to go to school.
=As we were so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to go to school.
3.如不美观分词暗示的动作发生在主句动作之前,那么此时分词就需要用完成形式
如:Having finished the work, she went to the park.
=After she had finished the work, she went to the park.
出格注重:分词状语的逻辑主语和句子的主语要连结一致
如: Seeing from the moutain, the ocean is emrald green.
此句是一个错误的句子, 因为按照分词状语的逻辑主语和句子的主语要连结一致的原则, seeing的逻辑主语也应该是the ocean, 而the ocean是不能自己seeing的, 应改为Seen from the mountain.
例题:
(1)
Snow aids farmers by keeping heat in the lower ground levels, thereby ---- from freezing.
(A) to save the seeds
(B) saving the seeds
(C) which saves the seeds
(D) the seeds saved
谜底:B
诠释:thereby一词习惯上接现在分词作句子的结不美观状语,只有B合适要求
上面就是关于现在分词的解析。考生们切记要搞懂,理顺了脉络,做起题来才会得心应手。掌握好语法是关键。另外,考生们要记住一点,万变不离其宗,不要换个样子就不会了,活学活用贯穿始终。祝考生考出理想成绩。
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