北京新航道为托福考生提供托福考试指导和建议。在托福考试中，若说词汇是基础，那么语法就是脉络，支撑着所有的题型。对同学来说，语法是令人头疼的，从开始接触，到学已数载，可能还是没弄明白。其实，语法并不是那么难懂，只要用心去揣摩，多做练习，就会潜移默化的懂了。在这里，我们针对托福考试中的语法进行分类解析，帮助考生复习，重拾语法信心。
1. 含并列连词and but or的平行结构
解题要点 当上述并列连词毗连两项或多项对等成分时，这些成分必需同词性、同形式。出格注重呈现三项以上(含三项)的并列成分，多是考试焦点。
全真例题剖析
(1) Quartz may be transparency, translucent, or opaque, and it may be colorless or colored (91.5)
[谜底] A 并列连词or毗连三项，其中两项为形容词translucent与opaque，故(A)应用形容词transparent与之并列。
(2) At the age of 94. Composer, conductor. Arranger. And acting Eva Jessye led her choral group in the first production of the opera porgy and Bess, written in 1935. (92.1)
[谜底] A 并列连词and毗连四项暗示身份职业的名词，故(A)动名词应改为actress。
(3) Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body such as (91.10)
[谜底] C 并列连词or毗连四项名词结构，其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式，故(C)亦应改为单数tissue。
(4) Direct mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with Products, alert them to new opportunities, and paving the way for other sales activities (93.1)
[谜底] C 并列连词and毗连三项动宾结构，前两项均为动词真相，故(C)动名词亦应改为真相动词pave.
(5) A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. (93.10)
[谜底] D 并列连词or毗连三项成分。前两项均为名词，故(D)不应呈现句子结构，而应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。
(6) The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays vital rode in chewing, swallowed and speaking.
[谜底] D 并列连词and毗连三个单词。其中两项均为动名词，故(D)亦应改为动名词swallowing。
2. 斗劲级句型要求对比双方结构对等，斗劲规模相当。
全真列题剖析
(1) Probably no man had more effcet on the daily lives of most people in the United States ------- Henry Ford. A pioneer in automobile production.
(A) as was
(B) than was
(C) than did
(D) as did (92.8)
[谜底] C 斗劲句型 more…than 要求斗劲的双方结构相等。前项是实义动辞书曩昔时形式had，故选(C)than did与之平行。
(2) The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than -------
(A) there are most other states
(B) most other states which have
(C) most other states have
(D) having most other states (93.10)
[谜底] C 这是尺度的more…than斗劲句型。只有(C)的句子结构与相对比的前一项完全一致。
(3) The annual worth of Utah*s manufacturing is greater than-------
(A) that of its mining and farming combined
(B) mining and farming combination
(C) that mining and farming combined
(D) of its combination mining and farming (91.8)
[谜底] A 此句斗劲的是utah的年产值(the annual worth) (A)中that即庖代了the annual worth，故前后斗劲典型围，内容一致。
(4) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than-------
(A) the domestic marketer has
(B) the domestic marketer does
(C) those of the domestic marketer
(D) that which has the domestic marketer (91.5)
[谜底] C 此句斗劲的是国际市场研究者与国内市场研究者的勾当(the activities) 为避免同词一再，用(C)those来庖代前面的名词the activities ,因而对比双方斗劲典型围是平行相等的。
(5) Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter -------
(A) than cane sugar does
(B) does cane sugar
(C) cane sugar
(D) than cane sugar (90.5)
[谜底] D 此斗劲句型前半部门主系表结构，后半部不成呈现助动词does(谜底A及B)，但可省略系词，如(D)。
3. 斗劲句型 the +斗劲级…the+斗劲级要求前后结构相等。
全真例题剖析
(1) The flatter a hair appears under a microscope ------- wavier it is.
(A) although
(B) which
(C) and
(D) the (92.1)
[谜底] D The flatter a hair appears 与(D)the wavier it is 是完全对等的结构。
斗劲级 主语 谓语动词 斗劲级 主语 系动词
(2) The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ------- to the body.
(A) the stress it is greater
(B) greater is the stress
(C) greater stress is
(D) the greater the stress (90.1)
[谜底] D The less the surface 与谜底(D) the greater the stress 是完全对等的结构。
4. 语意上的平行结构
解题要点 有一些词和短语表达斗劲的概念，尽管不是斗劲级句型，但同样要求前后对比双方同形式，同性质。
全真例题剖析
(1) Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather of the deaf ------- of the telephone.
(A) than inventing
(B) than as the inventor
(C) the invention
(D) as the inventor (90.8)
[谜底] B 暗示斗劲概念的短语would rather …than应使用平行结构。
(2) Thomas Jefferson*s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ------- a politician.
(A) such
(B) more
(C) as
(D) than (90.1)
[谜底] C 动词rival (比得上)要求斗劲二项结构相等。
(3) California*s agricultural supremacy dates from 1947. When its farm output first ------- any other state.
(A) that exceeded
(B) exceeded that
(C) exceeded that of
(D) that exceeded of (92.10)
[谜底] C 动词exceeded (跨越)要求斗劲的内容相当。(C)代词that用以指代斗劲的内容“farm output”
(4) It is common lcnowledge that a flash of lightning is seen before a clap of thunder heard . (93.5)
[谜底] D 连词 be fore用以引出先后发生的两个动作。从句意上看。这两个动作是对比关系，故应用平行结构。(D)改为a clap of thunder is heard ,与a flash of lightning is seen 相平衡。
上面就是关于平行结构的解析。考生们切记要搞懂，理顺了脉络，做起题来才会得心应手。掌握好语法是关键。另外，生们要记住一点，万变不离其宗，不要换个样子就不会了，活学活用贯穿始终。祝考生考出理想成绩。
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