北京新航道托福师资为大家奉上托福真题资料：神经元经典加试原文+答案，帮助大家提前巩固加试题，让考试更加完备和充分，下面请看详细内容。
经典加试全英文原文，题目和答案(一)神经元
Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class
Professor : so last time we were talking about human brains and neurons , you know nerve cells in the brain .Just a quick review , someone tell me about neurons , how do they work ?Bernard ?
Student : they , well ,neurons are kind of like wires carrying electrical signals .and when the electrical signals reach a contact point then a message is sent off to another neuron. And I guess an interesting thing about neurons is that …
Professor :yes , exactly ! that’s fine Bernard .today I want to discuss other cells found in the brain . they are called glial cells .just so you know there are different types pf glial cells , but we will discuss specific types later ,right , glial cells , so first off , historically speaking , and I’m talking about the 1950s here , researchers didn’t think glial cells were that important . they always focused on neurons , and the thinking was that neurons are respomsible for all the communication that goes on within the brain .as far as glial cells were concerned , early researches thought they just supported these communicating neurons by doing a few jobs like carrying nutrients to neurons because in order to keep functioning brain neurons need energy . and another job is protecting the brain from agents do disease , you know , urn , things that the immune syetem should have discovered and captured , but didn’t .
So again , early research assumed that the main purpose of glial cells was to support neurons. That with their support yhe brain’s neurons could do their communicating . with their support , neurons could make the connections that allow us to think , feel , remember or even eat a sandwich .so the thinking was , why study glial cells?
These days thought , there new thinking on glial cells .in recent research , we, have discovered an exchange of information ,communication between the brain’s neurons and the glial cells throughout lifetime .so instead of glial cells having just a maintenance role , we see them , determining which connections grow stronger , which grow weaker .
So there are really three communication networks , or communication systems in the brain :neurons communicating with neurons ,glial cells communicating with glial cells and then glial cells communicating with neurons .so , in other words , glial cells do much more than previously thought .at least , that’s what the recent research is showing .and where will this new marvelous part is glial cells outnumber neurons in the brain by far .but they’ve barely been explored …Wander , you have a question?
Student :so , the field of research in glial cells is growing ?
Professor : I think there is a lot of opportunity in glial cells research , especially a few years from now when you folks graduate . as I see it , the field is really opening up. But let’s go back a little and analyze .why did we miss so much about glial cells in the past ?well , we had incorrect assumptions about glial cells .we know the signal mode of transmitting information .but they don’t again, just as you explained , neurons mainly use electrical activity to carry the message .Glial cells , though , glial cells use chemicals not electrical signals to carry messages . and since our basic assumption back then was wrong we missed out on a real understanding .and there is still lots we don’t know .来源：北京新航道托福培训 what else can glial cells do ? can they repair nerve damage for instance ? we ‘re still asking questions , experimenting and learning .some people have an extremely high number of glial cells , more than normal . more than the typical person’s brain has . one question we have :does the higher number of glial cells in the brain mean greater intelligence ?and there are different type of glial cells in the brain .so maybe being a genius is caused by having an unususlly high number of them or maybe just of a certain type .we doin’t know yet .as we gain answers to thest questions what will be able to do that we couldn’t do before ?well perhaps someday we’ll be able to utilize glial cells to treat injuries .some scientists are doing experiments on that possibility now .
Student : but what do you think Doctor Zoller ?
Professor : well , I think yeah , soon we’ll be able to accomplish new things in neuroscience and I nhte field of medicine as we gain a deeper understanding of how the brain works .does anyone have other questions ?no , we will move on to other types of glial cells then .
Q1: what does the professor mainly discuss ?
【A】: the role glail cells played in human intelligence .
【B】. how two types of brain cells were discovered
【C】. how the understanding of glia cells has changed .
【D】. the history of brain cell research .
Q2:historically , what did researches’ assume was the main purpose of glail cells ?
【A】. They support the needs of neurons .
【B】. They repair brain damages
【C】. They exchange information with neurons
【D】. They determine the strength and works of communication .
Q3:early brain reaserch focused on neurons . what does the professor imply was the result of this emphasis?
【A】. new method was found to treat injured brain cells .
【B】. little research was done on glial cell
【C】. communication between glial cells neurons was established .
【D】. the definition of neurons was confirmed .
Q4:according to the professor , what discovery allowed scientists to gain a better understanding of the role of glial cells ?
【A】. they function in all parts of the brain .
【B】. there are different types of glial cells in the brain .
【C】. their number increase throughout human life.
【D】. They communication through chemical signals .
Q5:listen again to part of the lecture then answer the question .
And when the electrical signals reach a contact point then a message is sent off to another neuron .and I guess an interesting thing about neurons is that …
Professor :yes , that’s fine Bernard .
What does the professor imply when she says this “yes , exactly !that’s fine Bernard .”
【A】. That the student did not understand her question .
【B】. That the student’s answer is complete .
【C】. That the student did not know the correct answer .
【D】. That the student was too shy to respond to her question .
Q6: what does the professor imply when she says this :”I think there’s a lot of opportunity in glail cells research , especially a few years from now when you folks graduate .as a see it the field is really opening up”.
【A】. student should consider glail celld reaesrch as a career .
【B】. student needs to learn more about glial cells in order to graduate .
【C】. more research results of glial cells will be revealed soon .
【D】. they are going to perform some field study on glial cells .
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