ACT英语考试涉及的语法和结构有哪些？

　　ACT考试英语写作所要求的六要素包含在英语测试中: 标点、语法、句子结构、写作技巧、文章结构、文体。前面三个部分的问题组成了“用法与结构”的得分。后三个部分组成了“修辞技巧”的得分。

　　Six elements of effective writing are included in the EnglishTest: punctuation, grammar, sentence structure, strategy,organization, and style.

　　The questions covering punctuation, grammar, and sentencestructure make up the Usage/Mechanics subscore. The questionscovering strategy,organization, and style make up the RhetoricalS kills s u b s core.

　　U s a g e/ M e c h anics

　　”用法与结构”

　　Punctuation (13%). Questions in this category test yourknowledge of the conventions of internal and end-of-sentencepunctuation, with emphasis on the relationship of punctuation tomeaning (for example, avoiding ambiguity, indicatinga p p o sitive s ).

　　标点符号(13 %)这方面问题考察考生对标点在文章内和句子结尾的用法，重点考察举例、避免混淆、同位格方面的标点运用。

　　Grammar and Usage (16%). Questions in this category testyour understanding of agreement between subject and verb,between pronoun and antecedent, and between modifiers and theword mo difie d; verb formation;

　　pronoun case; formation of comparative and superlativeadjectives an d adverb s; and idiomatic usage.

　　语法及运用(16%)这方面问题考察考生对主语和动词、代词和先行词、修饰语和被修饰词、动词形式、代词格、形容词和副词的比较级和最形式及习惯用法的理解。

　　Sentence Structure (24%). Questions in this category testyour understanding of relationships between and among clauses,placement of modifiers, and shifts in construction.

　　句子结构(24%)这方面问题考察考生对从句关系、修饰词的使用及句型转换的理解和运用。

　　Rhetorical Skills

　　修辞技巧

　　Strategy (16%). Questions in this category test how well youdevelop a given topic by choosing expressions appropriate to anessay''s audience an d purpose;

　　judging the effect of adding, revising, or deleting supportingmaterial; and choosing effective opening, transitional, andclosin g senten ce s .

　　修辞技巧(16%)这方面考察考生通过选择适应读者和写作目的的表达，达到对指定话题的充分展开。通过增加，修正，删减一些支撑性材料，判断对文章的影响。确定合适的开篇，过渡和结束段。

　　Organization (15%).Questions in this category test how wellyou organize ideas and judge the relevance of statements incontext (making decisions about order, coherence, and unity)

　　修辞组织(15%)这方面考察考生对观点的组织，判断对文章上下文的组织是否恰长。(如文章顺序，前后一致，全篇的统一性)

　　·Style (16%). Questions in this category test how well youselect precise and appropriate words and images, maintain thelevel of style and tone in an essay, manage sentence elements forrhetorical effectiveness, and avoid ambiguous pronounreferences, wordiness, an d re d un d an cy.