雅思考试高频词汇解析（33） | 城市问题

雅思词汇解析，释义到用法，清清楚楚
每一次的进步，都是来自点点滴滴的积累
 本期作者：张悦
今天我们来学习和城市相关的词汇。
1. pungent /'pʌn(d)ʒ(ə)nt/
adj. 味道强烈的；气味刺激的
e.g. Ammonia is a colorless gas with a highly pungent, suffocating odor.
补充：suffocating 令人憋闷的；使人窒息的
如本季口语话题：A place where the air was polluted.
e.g. It was this pungent and acidic smell that even hurt my nose and my eyes. I could hardly breathe.
补充：acidic adj. 物质含酸的，酸性的
酸雨：acid rain
土壤的酸度：the acidity of soil.
2. stagnant
adj. 停滞不前的; 不发展的;
常见搭配：
a stagnant economy 低迷的经济
stagnant wages 一直不涨的工资
a stagnant pool of water 一潭死水/ 对应running water
e.g. This country's economy has been stagnant for years.
e.g. In the past 5 years, the company's sales have been declining or stagnant.
如在小作文数据图中：
e.g. The profit of the company was stagnant at 3.88 million.
相比remain unchanged，stagnant 偏负面。
3. congestion /kən'dʒestʃən/
n.堵塞;拥堵；
常见搭配：
traffic/road congestion 交通拥堵
ease/ relieve/ mitigate congestion 缓解拥堵
e.g. There is heavy congestion on the roads during the rush hour.
补充：rush hour 高峰期
拥堵的不同表达：
heavy traffic; traffic jam; gridlock
其他补充:
a congestion charge
“交通拥堵附加费’ 源于2003年英国伦敦，目的是为了减少伦敦市中心的车流量，亦减少空气及噪音污染等。
你是否支持该呢？
4. disturbance
n. 干扰;扰乱
e.g. Residents are tired of the disturbance caused by the nightclub.
e.g. Phone calls are the biggest disturbance at work.
syn. distraction
n. 骚乱;动乱；
e.g. Many people were unhappy with the government’s plans but there were no reports of public disturbances.
e.g. Troops were brought in to put down/ quell the disturbance. 平息
syn. riot 暴乱；骚乱
搭配：run riot 胡作非为；闹事
2. 比喻：(想象力等)不受拘束; 任意发挥
e.g. This book can let your imagination run riot.
e.g. Crazy thoughts were running riot through my head.
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