语法在雅思阅读考试中的重要性及实例

　　雅思对于语法的考查看似并不明显，但却融入在听说读写四项当中。作为一名雅思阅读老师，为了避免泛泛而谈，本人主要谈两点语法在雅思阅读中的重要性。

　　一. 利用语法知识，快速抓住一些长难句的主干，省略不重要的从句部分。同时，句中的转折词;破折号;冒号后面的信息为重点。例：剑九第99 页选择题31 题为：

　　31. Compared with today’s museums, those of the past…

　　A. did not present history in a detailed way.

　　B. were not primarily intened for the public.

　　C. were more clearly organised.

　　D. preserved items with great care.

　　根据题干中的名词museum 及表示时间的词past，再根据顺序原则，很容易定位到原文A 段第六行：

　　Museum used to look-and some still do- much like storage rooms of objects packed together in showcases: good for scholars who wanted to study the subtle differences in design, but not for the ordinary visitor, to whom it all looked alike.

　　这一句话长达40个单词，要是逐字翻译完是一个很大的工程。但如果我们像刨洋葱一样一层层找出中心句，就会发现：冒号后面部分是重点信息，所以从“good for…” 往后看， 而but 后面内容又是关键，“ …in design”前面的内容都可以先不看。“to whom”为非限定性定语从句，可以先忽略。所以我们在这整句话中只需看“but not for the ordinary visitor”这六个单词就可以了。这道题答案为B. were not primarily intended for the public;题目中public 与visitor 对应。

　　二. 在做摘要填空或简答题时，通过已知信息判断答案的词性，排除干扰选项。例如：剑六第42 页选词类的摘要填空题：

　　Research carried out by scientists in the United States has shown that the proportion of people over 65 suffering from the most common age-related medical problems is 14……and that the speed of this change is 15…….It also seems that these diseases are affecting people16……in life than they did in the past. This is largely due to developments in 17 ……, but other factors such as improved 18…… may also be playing a part. Increases in some other illnesses may be due to changes in personal habits and to 19 ……. The research establishes a link between levels of 20…… and life expectancy. It also shows that there has been a considerable reduction in the number of elderly people who are 21 ……, which means that the 22…… involved in supporting this section of the population may be less than previously predicted.

　　其中19 题： 利用名词“habits” 可以定位到原文第五段“An increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect  changing smoking habits and poorer air quality….” 这句话。

  在文中与“poorer air quality” 同义替换的两个选项为 “N. pollution” 以及 “O. environmental”。实际上，如果考生对于due to(由于)用法相对熟悉，知道 “to”在这里是个介词，介词后面跟名词或动名词时，答案就很容易选“N. pollution”。而environmental 是个形容词，在这句话中就不符语法了。