新题型相比阅读理解来说，还是简单一些的，相比完形来说，题量更少，所以说在考研英语中新题型是一个很好得分的板块，当然平时大家还是要加强练习的，今天好轻松考研小编给大家整理了2012年考研英语二新题型真题及答案解析，希望对大家有帮助。
“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance， the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Ilustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness,rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.
Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the V ictorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers，industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit," wrote Smiles." what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself" His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.
This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte.These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.
Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that." And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past."
This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding from gender to race to cultural studies were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.
41. Petrarch
42. Niccolo Machiavellli
43. Samuel Smiles
44. Thomas Carlyle
45. Marx and Engels
[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.
[B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.
[C] focused on epochal figures whose lives
were hard to imitate.
[D]opened up new realms understanding the great men in history.
[E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.
[F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.
[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.
41.[答案] A
[解析]本题答案锁定在第三自然段,第二行讲到"Petrarchbegan..highlighting the virtue of classical heroes”即彼特拉克在他的书中强调古典英雄的美德。答案A与此是完全对应的。
42.[答案] D
[解析]此题定位于第三自然段第五行，重点理解词组“turm on its head”,意思为“to change sthcompletely"',所以说尼可洛，马基雅维利的观点与彼特拉克的观点是相反的，开启了了解历史伟人的新局面。
43. [答案] G
[解析]此题定位于第四自然段的第四行，“Self-help as acatalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers”，塞缪 尔.斯迈尔斯在他的书《成事在己》里面讲到了工程师，实业家，探险家的有意义的生活，G与此是对应的
44. [答案] C
[解析]此题定位于第五自然段第三行，“these epochal figuresrepresented lives hard to imitate"，托马斯，卡菜尔描述了一些穿越苦难的划时代的人物。C对应了此答案。
45. [答案] E
[解析]此题定位于第六自然段第五行，"history should be thestory of the masses and their record of struggle",答案E与此句是完全对应的。
以上就是小编整理的2012年考研英语二新题型真题及答案解析，考研中每一分对我们都很重要，大家要重视每一个板块的练习哦。
