SAT备考 | SAT文法知识点第10期

　　一、形近词

　　1. 含义：

　　主要考察动词、名词、形容词和副词中词义辨析的词汇题。

　　2. 用法：

　　积累常见的形近词：

　　(1) affect(动词) vs effect(名词)

　　(2) cite as引用 vs. site选址;地址 (OG4 Q30)(18.6NA Q18)(19.5NA Q8)

　　(3) adopt采用 vs adapt适应 vs adept熟练的 (18.10AS Q19)

　　(4) exhaustive 详尽的 vs. exhausting 耗尽的 (16.11AS Q40)

　　注：OG4 Q30为官方指南4的30题;18.6NA Q18为2018年6月北美真题18题，下同。

　　例如：

　　Snow’s research was too compelling for the local council to ignore: they eventually removed the Broad Street pump from service, effectively ending the cholera outbreak in Soho.(本句中的effectively修饰ending，表示有效地意思)

　　真题检测

　　真题检测1

　　(OG4 Q30) Brice Russ of Ohio State University, for example, has employed software to sort through postings on one social media cite in search of particular words and phrases of interest as well as the location from which users are posting.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. site in search of

　　C. sight in search for

　　D. cite in search for

　　解析：通过cite, site等选项看出是形近词的考点，各选项的意思为：cite引用、site地址、sight景象、in search of=in search for寻找，而与前面social media的最合适的搭配是site，所以排除cite, sight等选项，所以排除A/C/D三个选项，所以选B。

　　注：OG4 Q30为官方指南4的30题。

　　真题检测2

　　(2018-06NA-Q18) On the other hand, many of the paintings’ titles, such as James Brown Sacrifice to Apollo (2008) and My Tina Turner (2013), allude to music, which Whitney cites for essential to him and to the African American community in which he was raised.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. cites as

　　C. sites for

　　D. sites as

　　解析：通过cite, site等选项看出是形近词的考点，各选项的意思为：cite引用、site地址，固定搭配为cite as而不是cite for，又根据句意为Whitney引用了前面的画，所以排除cite for, sites for, sites as等选项，所以排除A/C/D三个选项，所以选B。

　　注：2018-06NA-Q18为2018年6月北美真题18题。

　　真题检测3

　　(2019-05NA-Q8) Finally, a range of volcanoes in western India called the Deccan Traps is thought to have been the site of several huge eruption near the end of the Cretaceous period.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. to have been the sight

　　C. to have been the cite

　　D. too have been the site

　　解析：通过cite, site等选项看出是形近词的考点，各选项的意思为：cite引用、site地址、sight景象，固定搭配为is thought to而不是it thought too，排除选项D;又根据句意为Deccan Traps被认为是一个地点，所以排除B/C选项，所以选A。

　　注：2019-05NA-Q8为2019年05月亚太真8题。

　　真题检测4

　　(2018-10AS-Q19) This issue was taken up again during the 2006 IAU meeting. After two weeks of discussion, the IAU voted to adopt a three-part definition of a planet.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. to adapt

　　C. too adapt

　　D. too adopt

　　解析：通过adopt, adapt等选项看出是形近词的考点，各选项的意思为：adopt采用、adapt适应，固定搭配为vote to而不是vote too，排除选项C/D;又根据句意为IAU采用了一个定义，所以排除B选项，所以选A。

　　注：2018-10AS-Q19为2018年10月亚太真题19题。

　　真题检测5

　　(2016-11AS-Q40) In 1858 she published an exhaustive, 860-page book with the problems with British military hospital, complete with detailed statistical analysis.

　　A. NO CHANGE

　　B. exhaustive, 860-page book on

　　C. exhausting, 860-page book about

　　D. exhausting, 860-page book with

　　解析：通过exhaustive, exhausting等选项看出是形近词的考点，各选项的意思为：exhaustive详尽的、exhausting精疲力尽的，根据句意为她出版了860页的详尽的书，所以排除选项C/D;with problem是书本身有问题，而on problem是书的内容对于一些问题的研究，所以排除A选项，所以选B。

　　注：2016-11AS-Q40为2016年11月亚太真题40题。