托福听力之原文演讲听写(9)

　　演讲听写训练 1

　　To get us started this semester, I'm going to spend the first two classes giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts. Once you are a little more familiar with basic film terminology, we will be ready to look at the history of movies in the United States. You will be expected to attend showings of films on Tuesday evening at 7 o’clock at Jennings Auditorium, that’s our lab. Then during our Wednesday seminar, we will discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We’re not covering silent films in this course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture, The Jazz Singer, released in 1927. The next week we’ll be looking at The Gold Digger of 1933, a piece that is very representative of the escapist trend in films released during the Depression. Some of the films we will be watching will probably be new to you, like Frank Capra’s Why We Fight. Others you might have already seen on TV, like Rebel Without a Cause starring James Deane, or Stanley Cooper’s Doctor’s Strange Love. However, I hope you will see even familiar films with new eyes. In the last three weeks of the course, we will be watching films from the 1980s, and you will choose one of them as the subject for an extensive written critique. We will talk more about the requirements of the critique later in the semester.

　　演讲听写训练 2

　　Welcome to our aquarium. As we begin our tour, the first animal we will see today is the starfish. You probably have seen pictures of the starfish, but in a few minutes you will see some live ones and learn a little about their structure and life cycle. First of all, starfish are not really fish, they belong to the family of echinoderms which are spiny skinned sea animal, that is, their skin is covered with thorny bumps. Most starfish have five arm-like extensions on their bodies. And so they look like a five-pointed star. But some other kinds have as many as 40 or more arms. Starfish, like other members of the echinoderm family, have what’s called radial symmetry. All that means is that the body part of these animals are arranged around the center, kind of like spokes of a wheel around a hub. One of the special features of the starfish is that it can drop off arms as a defensive reaction, to get away from an attacker, for example. They can then grow new arms to replace the old ones. Starfish reproduce by releasing eggs into the sea. These eggs develop into larvae, and can swim freely. These early forms, which are what larvae are, differ from adult starfish, because the larvae have bilateral symmetry. That means that the two halves of the larvae look exactly the same, which makes them look a lot different from the later form of the starfish. Eventually the larvae sink to the ocean bottom and change into the adult radial form. If you don’t have questions, we will go in now and see some of the creatures in person.

　　演讲听写训练 3

　　Last time we outlined how the Civil War finally got started. I want to talk today about the political management of the war on both sides, the north under Abraham Lincoln, and the south under Jefferson Davis. An important task for both of these presidents was to justify for their citizens just why the war was necessary. In 1861, on July 4th, Lincoln gave his first major speech in which he presented the northern reasons for the war. It was, he said, to preserve democracy. Lincoln suggested that this war was a noble crusade that would determine the future of democracy throughout the world. For him, the issue was whether or not this government of the people, by the people could maintain its integrity, could it remain complete and survive its domestic foes? In other words, could a few discontented individuals and by that he meant those who led the southern rebellion, could they arbitrarily break up the government and put an end to free government on earth? The only way for the nation to survive was to crash the rebellion. At the time, he was hopeful that the war wouldn’t last long, and the slave owners would be put down forever. But he underestimated how difficult the war would be. It would be harder than any the Americans had thought before or since, largely because the north had to break the will of the southern people, not just by its army. But Lincoln rallied northerners to a deep commitment to the cause. They came to perceive the war as a kind of democratic crusade against southern society.

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