SAT写作：如何分析议论文中“metaphor”的修辞效果?话说在3月15日上午十二届全国人大五次会议上，李总理用武僧翻跟头的比喻(小武僧翻跟头，一口气十几个不费力，大武僧两三个就喘气)对中国的经济增速状况做了一个恰当的描述。这一比喻有力地回应了现场记者对中国经济增速的质疑，同时也用了一个大家都懂的比喻让我们很容易地了解了中国经济的发展态势。那么 比喻(metaphor)在议论文中是如何发挥它的说服作用的，我们今天就一起来看看吧~
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什么是比喻(metaphor)
A metaphor makes a hidden comparison between two things or objects that are dissimilar to each other but have some characteristics common between them.
比喻就是“隐性地”比较两个不同事物的相似特征。比如老莎(莎士比亚)曾经就对这个世界做了一个很微妙的比喻，原句是这样的：
“All the world’s a stage and men and women merely players.”
世界就是一个舞台，人仅仅是这个舞台上的演员而已。
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比喻常见的修辞效果是什么?
1) 煽动情绪
…appeals directly to the senses of listeners or readers
2) 便于理解
…sharpens their imaginations to comprehend what is being communicated to them.
3) 增强视觉化效果
…adds visual intensity to…
常用句型如下：
What the author does?
● Metaphor is applied to…
● The “…” metaphor is a stylistic device that
● This metaphor…
Why he or she does it?
● …serves the purpose to make the ...ungrounded 2)…adds visual intensity to…
● …helps to dismiss…
● This helps the reader understand the complexities of…
What effect this is likely to have on readers?
● …making the audience condemn…
● Any reader who has …cannot tolerate such …
● …create a sense that…
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如何用3W原则
对metaphor展开深度分析?
如何使用3W原则来分析一篇议论文中的metaphor呢，我们一起看个例子吧~
原 文
Standing on the coastal plain, I was saddened to think of the tragedy that might occur if this great wilderness was consumed by a web of roads and pipelines, drilling rigs and industrial facilities. ( 原文选自：Foreword to Arctic National Wildlife Refuge)
分 析
He describes the potential destruction with an image suggestive of a predator that traps its prey in a web and then consumes it. The “web” metaphor is a stylistic device that dehumanizes the oil drilling industry. This reinforces his point that the destruction would be total and permanent. (范文摘自《新SAT写作官方题库与范文》中国出版集团中译出版社)
原文如何体现3W原则
首先范文准确的描述了原文作者在此处使用了一个比喻的写作手法(a “web” metaphor)，将公路、石油管道比喻成一张能够吞噬保护区的网。
紧接着，分析了这一手法的修辞效果(dehumanizes, reinforces his point…) 即通过这一比喻，让读者觉得开发野生保护区是没有人性的，从而加强了自己的论点。
