托福独立写作题目
Do you agree or disagree?
In order to solve the problems of the present and future, it is necessary to understand the past.
看到这题，大家是不是条件反射想到了 “以史为鉴, xxxx ” 这句话，问题是怎么翻译呢?
Take history as a mirror
Draw lessons from history
If history is a guide
1、If we cannot understand our past, how can we understand our present or glimpse our future? In other words, by learning from what came before, we know how past mistakes and breakthroughs were made, and this is crucial important in addressing problems of the present and future.
段落解析：
开头段第 一句话用反问句写(if xxx, how can we do sth? )，助于开门见山直接摆明立场。但是很明显题目问到的是解决问题，而这句话并没有 “直接”提到解决方法，于是我们还有话没说完，所以接上 “ in other words” 做出进一步的回应，同时预告下文分论点。
Glimpse v. 瞥一眼; 开始领悟到
2、Learning past events matters because without a thorough consideration about what took us on a detour before, we truly have no idea how to avoid them, nor can we go onto the correct path. And without probinginto past sequences of cause and effect, it is well-nigh impossible to develop intelligent plans for the future. (题干中出现了解决过去“和”现在的问题，那么不妨选择两个并列的Without，来分别扣题) This can be exemplified by the story of Thomas Alva Edison, who failed thousands of times before inventing the light bulb. Instead of experimenting blindly, he recorded each mistake he made so as to identify the factors behind those failures like improper material selection. With previous mistakes avoided, he saved time and energy in repeating those mistakes, which also contributed insights into his new experiment plans. As a result, the problems, the obstacles to his inventions, were removed. (段落的点题句可以写个强调句)At this point, it is quite clear that it is the past experience in addition to the study of it that leads to the solutions of present and future problems.
词汇积累：
Probe 探究，盘问
Well-nigh adj. 几乎，差不多，可谓
3、It is admitted that looking back the past may backfire. When doing it, we are prone to getting stuck in it, which undermines our innovative abilities. It is certainly not conducive in approaching the problems of the present and future. (当发现转折很难时，不妨将让步部分观点代入一种特定的情况下讨论，说其在特定的情况下其实是不成立的) However, under certain circumstances, alwaysyearning for freshness of ideas may not necessarily prove advantageous. (举例信号词)This is the case where a crisis entailing immediate responses like fire or epidemic erupts. If it were not for past experience of coping with such crises, quick responses would be guaranteed, and the losses would be greater as a result. It thus follows that in such situations, trying to innovate a new approach, which is too time-consuming, is hardly comparable with adopting the previous measures.
词汇积累：
Yearn for v. 渴望，追求
Backfire v. 产生事与愿违的后果
4、In conclusion, a backwards-looking viewpoint reveals the vistas of the past events, enabling us to solve problems of the present and past with a full understanding of complex factors.
