地质 泛指地球的性质和特征。主要是指地球的物质组成、结构、构造、发育历史等，包括地球的圈层分异、物理性质、化学性质、岩石性质、矿物成分、岩层和岩体的产出状态、接触关系，地球的构造发育史、生物进化史、气候变迁史，以及矿产资源的赋存状况和分布规律等。看到地质定义，同学们可能会觉得地质相关的英语词汇会比较难，实事上也是这样的，为了帮助大家的托福阅读考试，小编特汇总了托福阅读中常用到的地质词汇信息，下面来一起学习吧！
相关内容推荐：
地质类英语词汇（一）
地质类英语词汇（二）
地质类英语词汇（三）
地质类英语词汇（四）
地质类英语词汇（五）
地质类英语词汇（六）
地质类英语词汇（七）
地质类英语词汇同义词替换
托福阅读场景词汇：地质类英语词汇四节
quartz
释义•n.石英
例句•The force of molecular a traction between oil and quartz or carbonate minerals is weaker iau at between ward and quartz or carbonate minerals.(TPO 43-2)
Ridge
释义•n.山脊；背脊v.使形成脊状
例句•Extensive mountain ranges were fourmed from compression of the crust ,froming long ridges with parallel valleys spaced one to two kilometers apart.(TPO 42-3)
sandstone
释义•n.砂岩
例句•sandstones generally make good aquifers， while finer-grained mudstones are typically impermeable.(TPO 28-1)
Acid
释义•n.[化] 酸adj.酸味的； 尖刻的； 酸的
例句•Analysis by gel electrophoresis revealed slight differences in amino acid sequence of the enzymes of two of the four pairs(TPO 31-1)
派生•acidic ad.很酸的； 酸性的
Compose
释义•V.组成；使镇静
例句•The word， according to Anaximenes， was not composed of either water or apeiron， but air itself was the fundamental element of the universe.(TPO 37-1)
hydrogen
义•n.氢
例句•Overt me， the r sing temperatures would have leveled off solar ultraviolet radiation having broken down atmospheric water vapor molecules into hydrogen and oxy a en.(TPO 41-2)
isthmus
释义•n.地峡
例句•Second， it appears that closely related populations of fishes on both sides of the isthmus are starting to genetically diverge from each other.(TPO 31-1)
molecule
释义•n.[化]分子
例句•Simply stated， a gas molecule can“evaporate”from a planet if it reaches a speed known as the escape velocity.(TPO16-3)
派生•molecular adj.分子的； 由分子组成的
Peninsula
释义• n.半岛
例句•In ancient Roman times， the Italian peninsula had great forest of fir preferred for warships， but scarcity was apparent as early as the early fourteenth century.(TPO 25-2)
collapse
释义•V.崩溃；(突然)倒塌，坍塌；倒下
例句•Some plants are woody in type-an adaptation designed to prevent collapse of the plant tissue when water stress produces wilting.(TPO 26-2)
Constitute
释义•v.构成；组成
例句•One remarkable aspect of this change was that the commercial classes constituted a small part of the total population—nevermore than 10 percent.(TPO 46-2)
Deplete
释义•v.枯竭；耗尽；大量减少
例句• A share numbers fall， so do lynx numbers， as their food supply depleted.(TPO 27-3)
派生•depletion n.消耗； 耗减
Retreat
释义•v.撤退；离开n.撤退；逃避
例句•The term retreat is applied to the short-term escape behavior of desert animals， and it usually assumes the pattern of a daily rhythm(TPO26-2)
Calcium
释义•n.钙
例句•They are composed of minerals uncommon on Earth， all rich in calcium， aluminum， and titanium， the most refractory (resistant to melting) of the major elements in the nebula (TPO 22-3)
Cavity
释义•n.腔；洞；孔
例句•These differences suggest as ac like cavity below the frontend of the gut that can only be interpreted as a lung.(TPO 44-1)
helium
释义•n.氨
例句• Helium， in turn， can fuse together to form heavier elements，such as carbon.(TPO 50-3)
insulate
释义•V.隔离；使隔热；使绝缘
例句•The thick and dense wall of the mound insulates the interior microclimate from the variations in humidity and temperature of the outside atmosphere.(TPO 47-2)
派生•insulation n.隔热； 隔音； 绝缘
iridium
释义•n.铱
例句•Iridium is an element that is usually uncommon near Earths surface， but it is abundant in some meteorites.(TPO 33-3)
isotope
释义•n.同位素
例句•Thus， more of the heavy isotope is left behind in the ocean and absorbed by marine organisms.(TPO 19-3)
派生•isotopic adj.同位素的； 合痕的
Pebble
释义•n.鹅卵石；砾石
例句• Turbulent water store into the hardened salt flats， broke them up， and ground them into the pebbles observed in the first sample taken by the Challenger.(TPO 7-1)
aluminum
释义•n.铝
例句•For example， a gap just below aluminum suggested a new element would be found with properties analogous to those of aluminum.(TPO 16-2)
eruption
释义•n.喷发；爆发
例句•Millions of years， though， may pass between eruptions.(TPO25-1)
gravel
释义•n.沙砾；砾石
例句•Icebergs are ordinarily blue to white， although they sometimes appear dark or opaque because they carry gravel and bits of rock.(0G 2-3)
lava
释义•n.熔岩；火山岩
例句• The Cascades are made up of lavas and volcanic materials.(OG1-3)
mantle
释义•n.地幔；覆盖层v.覆盖
例句• The plumes apparently originate at great depths， perhaps as deep as the boundary between the core and the mantle， and many have been active for very longtime.(TPO 27-2)
