地质 泛指地球的性质和特征。主要是指地球的物质组成、结构、构造、发育历史等，包括地球的圈层分异、物理性质、化学性质、岩石性质、矿物成分、岩层和岩体的产出状态、接触关系，地球的构造发育史、生物进化史、气候变迁史，以及矿产资源的赋存状况和分布规律等。看到地质定义，同学们可能会觉得地质相关的英语词汇会比较难，实事上也是这样的，为了帮助大家的托福阅读考试，小编特汇总了托福阅读中常用到的地质词汇信息，下面来一起学习吧！
相关内容推荐：
地质类英语词汇（一）
地质类英语词汇（二）
地质类英语词汇（三）
地质类英语词汇（四）
地质类英语词汇（五）
地质类英语词汇（六）
地质类英语词汇（七）
地质类英语词汇同义词替换
托福阅读场景词汇：地质类英语同义替换词考点
1.turbulent:violent
TPO 7-1-Q11:The word turbulent in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. fresh
B. deep
C. violent
D. temperate
2.mild:not dramatic
TPO 8-2-Paragraph 2:Data from diverse sources ,including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than today's.
TPO 8-2-Q1:According to paragraph 1,which of the following is true of the Late Cretaceous climate?
A. Summers were very warm and winters were very cold.
B. Shallow seas on the continents caused frequent temperature changes.
C. The climate was very similar to today's climate.
D. The climate did not change dramatically from season to season.
3.fluctuation:variation
TPO 8-2-Q6:The word fluctuations in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.Extremes
B. retreats
C. periods
D. variations
4.surface flow: surface water
TPO 12-3-Paragraph 5:But only a small fraction of groundwater enters the hydrological cycle-feeding the flows of streams, maintaining lake levels ,and being recharged(or refilled)through surface flows and rainwater.
TPO 12-3-Q6:Paragraph 5 supports all of the following statements about the groundwater in deserts EXCEPT
A. The groundwater is consistently found just below the surface
B.A small part of the groundwater helps maintain lake levels
C. Most of the groundwater is not recharged through surface water
D. The groundwater is increasingly used as a source of freshwater
5.become extinct: eliminate many animal species
TPO 15-2-Paragraph 1:Cases in which many species become extinct within a geologically short interval of time are called mass extinctions.
TPO 15-2-Q1:Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about mass extinctions?
A. They take place over a period of 70 million years.
B. They began during the Cretaceous period.
C. They eliminate many animal species that exist at the time they occur.
D. They occur every 250 million years.
6、accumulations: deposits
TPO 19-2-Q1:The word. "accumulations" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. signs
B. pieces
C. types
D. deposits
7.eroded:worn down
TPO 27-2-Q5:The word "eroded" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. worn down
B. scattered
C. developed
D. deserted
8.domain:field of expertise
TPO 45-1-Paragraph 2:The word "domain" in the passage is
closest in meaning to
A. field of expertise
B. challenge
C. interest
D. responsibility
9.less moisture: drier
TPO 45-1-Paragraph 3:Broad,windswept valleys ;glaciated mountains; sparse vegetation; and less moisture created a rather forbidding land mass.
TPO 45-1-Q3:According to paragraph 3,all of the following are true of the Beringian landscape EXCEPT
A. There was little vegetation.
B. The mammal species there all survived into modern versions.
C. The climate was drier than it is today.
D. There were mountains with glaciers.
