独立主格结构是一种复合结构，在句中作状语。独立主格结构中，名词或代词同其后的分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等在逻辑上有主谓关系。
I．构成类型
(1)名词／代词+分词：
It being Sunday，you needn’t go to work．
This done，he locked the door and went home．
He sat in front of them，his dusty face masking his age．
(2)名词／代词+不定式：
I send you today three-fourths of the sum，the rest to follow within a month.
The two parties reached an agreement on basic principles，the details to be ironed out(调解)later．
(3)名词／代词+形容词：
The floor wet and slippery，we stay outside．
The children were watching the magic trick，their eyes wide open．
(4)名词／代词+副词：
School over，the students ran out of the class．
Dinner over，the family scattered to their various haunts．
(5)名词／代词+介词短语：
We came out of the classroom，hand in hand．。
The teacher entered the classroom，a book under his arm．
(6)There+being+...:
There being no bus，we had to walk home．
(7)With／without+名词／代词+分词(不定式／副词/形容词/介词短语)：
Without anyone noticing，I slipped through the door．
The park is beautiful with all the trees putting on a tender green．
With these help him，he tried to finish the work．
Ⅱ．语法功能
(1)时间状语：
All the members having arrived，the meeting was declared open．
The report having been read, a lively discussion began．
With a lot problem solved，the manage left the office．
(2)原因状语：
There being no bus．we had to walk home．
so many people being absent，the meeting had to be called off．
All the money having been spent，Jack startled looking for work．
(3)条件状语：
With the tree growing tall，we got more shade．
The murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back．
He sat in front row，his mouth open，his head thrust forward so as to miss any word.
(4)方式、伴随状语：
With the tree growing tall，we got more shade．
