SAT文法知识系列栏目说明：每期分享3-5个文法知识点，帮助大家更好地备考SAT。

一、动词

虚拟语气

1. 含义：

虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

例如：If I were in charge of developing drugs for COVID-19, I would want the pandemic to end as soon as possible.

注：in charge of负责；pandemic n. 流行病

2. 用法：

(1) 与事实相反

(1) 与事实相反

a)与现在事实相反

i.定义：与现在的事实情况不一致。

ii.动词形式：if sb did/ were , sb would do.

iii.注意：无论单复数，be动词一律用were。

iv.例句：

1. If Tom won the prize, he would buy the new luxury house.

2. If I were a fish, I would swim to the ocean.

b)与现在过去相反

i.定义：与过去的事实情况不一致。

ii.动词形式：if sb had done, sb would have done.

iii.例句：

1. If he had got up early, he would have not missed the show.

2. If Mary had eaten that fries, she would have not lose some weight.

c)与将来过去相反

i.定义：与将来的事实情况不一致。

ii.动词形式：if sb did/were to do/ should do, sb would do.

iii.例句：

1. If Jack were to come, what should we say to him?

2. If it should rain, the game would be put off.

例题检测

例题检测1

Undoubtedly, more voters in the urban areas will have voted for Julia Morton if she had taken a less conservative stand on zoning codes than she did.

A. NO CHANGE

B. voted 

C. voting

D. would have voted

解析：通过she had taken看出是虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的考点，根据if sb had done, sb would have done的规则，前面的句子需要时would have done的形式，所以排除A/B/C三个选项，所以选D。

例题检测2

Little doubt is the fact that many supporters in the countryside had championed the presidential candidate for his agricultural policy if he promised to raise the price of their products.

A. NO CHANGE

B. would champion 

C. will champion

D. championed

解析：通过he promised看出是虚拟语气中与现在事实相反的考点，根据if sb did, sb would do的规则，前面的句子需要时would do的形式，所以排除A/C/D三个选项，所以选B。

例题检测3

(Khan-P202-Q9) If the field of patient advocacy were to argue its current lack of regulation, it would continue to attract individuals with a variety of backgrounds and skill sets.

A. NO CHANGE

B. argued 

C. would argue

D. had argued

解析：通过it would continue看出是虚拟语气中与将来事实相反的考点，根据if sb were to do, sb would do的规则，前面的句子需要时were to do的形式，所以排除B/C/D三个选项，所以选A。

注：Khan-P202-Q9为可汗文法57篇202页第9题。

真题检测4

(2019-03NA-Q32) If artists were to receive medals during the Olympic Games just as athletes do, and if the competitions were broadcast to the estimated four billion views tuning in worldwide, talented artists such as Linson were reaching a much broader audience.

A. NO CHANGE

B. had reached

C. will reach

D. would reach

解析：通过the competitions were看出是虚拟语气中与现在事实相反的考点，根据if sb were, sb would do的规则，后面的句子需要时would do的形式，所以排除A/B/C三个选项，所以选D。

注：2019-03NA-Q32为2019年3月北美真题32题。