托福口语考试技巧：如何缩写笔记

　　今天新航道托福频道为大家整理的是托福常远老师的新书《常远新托福口语真经——年度预测真题》中关于托福口语考试缩写笔记的技巧，希望对大家有所帮助。

　　保留多音节单词的前三四个字母：

　　ref～ (reference)

　　doc～ (document)

　　hosp～ (hospital)

　　pred～ (predator)

　　去掉单词的元音字母(A　E　I　O　U)：

　　prvt (private)

　　cvnt (convenient)

　　btw (between)

　　mkt (market)

　　符号：

　　指向性符号：→、←、↑、↓

　　数学符号：∵、∴、=、<>

　　其他常用符号：

　　b4 (before，in advance)

　　$ (我不说，大家也知道)

　　☆ (important)

　　△ (change)

　　⊙ (focus，center)

　　更多的常用笔记符号：

　　1 箭头符号

　　grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase, ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards: ↑

　　drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deter iorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards: ↓

　　become better and better: ↗

　　become worse and worse: ↘

　　export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, cause: →

　　come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from: ←

　　2 数学符号

　　further more, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc: +

　　minus, lack: -

　　incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious: ×

　　more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to: >

　　fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to: <

　　equal to, the same as, a rival, a competitor: =

　　not equal to, no match for: ≠

　　approximately, around, about, or so: ≈

　　total, the total number/sum, totally: Σ

　　because, owing to, thanks to, due to: ∵

　　therefore, as a result, consequently, so, thus, due to this: ∴

　　3 标点符号

　　say, speak, tell, declare, announce, protest, such as: :

　　question, doubt, suspicious, skeptical, ask: ?

　　very important, vital, crucial, critical: !

　　including, within, among, inside: ( )

　　viewpoint, opinion, idea, point: •

　　表示不同的时间概念: • (注：如用d表示today，那么yesterday即用•d表示，the day before yesterday可记为••d，three days ago可写成•3d;同理，d•表示tomorrow，d••表示the day after tomorrow)

　　4 其他符号

　　center, focus, roundtable, meeting, meet, discussion: ⊙ (注：⊙像会议室的圆桌，中间的一点可以看做一个烟灰缸或花瓶)

　　change: △

　　agreement, contract, treaty: ∪ ( 注： 人们签约时， 往往会举杯庆祝，而∪形似杯子。表示双边协议bi lateral agreement，三边协议trilateral agreement或多边协议multi-lateral agreement时，在∪中分别加2，3或m即可)

　　confrontation, conflict, communication, interaction: ><

　　country, state, nation: □

　　and, together with, accompany: &

　　correct, good, affirmative, certain, well-known, famous, agree, support: √

　　person, people: °

　　exchange, replace, mutual, each other: ～

　　stop, halt: //

　　happy, glad, pleased, delighted, enjoy: ϑ

　　belong to: ∈

　　outstanding, best, model, important: ☆

　　hospital, red cross: ⊕

　　pound (英镑): ￡

　　dollar (美元): $

　　yuan (人民币): ￥