encourage the students to think critically 鼓励学生用辩证的思维思考
think independently 独立思考
communication and social skills 沟通和社交能力
team spirit 团队精神
stifle (or extinguish/constrain) students’ creativity 限制学生创造力的发展
frustrate the students 打击学生
dampen the students’ enthusiasm 打击学生的积极性
learn sth. through understanding 在理解的基础上学习
learn things by rote 死记硬背
memorise (or memorize美式拼写) for memorisation’s (or memorization’s美式拼写)
own sake 为了记忆而记忆
memorise (or memorize 美式拼写) equations/formulas/theorems/laws 记忆方程式、
公式、定理、定律
force-feed the students 用填鸭式的方法教学生
... should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas ……不应该被
当作简化思想的被动接受者
follow...blindly (or indiscriminately) 盲从
learner-oriented adj. 以学习者为导向的
students’ feedback 学生的反馈
nteractive adj. 互动的，交互式的
students evaluate (or appraise) their teachers’ performance 学生评价老师的教学
adaptability n. 适应能力
adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth. / become accustomed to sth. 适应某事
peer pressure 来自同龄人的压力
create (or beget) undue pressure 产生不必要的压力
adversity (n.)/adverse circumstances 逆境(注：adverse adj. 不利的)
indiscipline/misbehaviour (or misbehavior 美式拼写) n. 不遵守纪律，无纪律;品行
不端，不合宜行为
unruly (or disobedient/disruptive) students 不遵守纪律的学生
Examinations are one of the most common methods of measuring learning in
education systems throughout the world. 考试是各国教育体系中衡量学习效果最常见的
方法之一。
There are clearly certain advantages to exams, but they also have clear
drawbacks. 考试有着某些显著的优势，却也有明显的不足之处。
the performance of test-takers 考生的表现
test-wise candidates 很会考试的学生(考试成绩好的学生)
focus only on aspects of the curriculum that are likely to be tested 只关注课程中容
易在考试里出现的内容
proper and objective assessment of achievement 对成绩合理和客观的评估
Exams need to be carefully designed and supplemented with other forms of
assessment. 考试需精心设计，并辅以其他的评估形式。
subject n. 科目
syllabus n. 教学大纲
curriculum n. 课程
extracurricular activities 课外活动
discipline n. 学科
humanities n. 人文学科
social sciences n. 社会科学
arts n. 艺术，文科
liberal arts/studies 文科
sciences n. 理科
engineering n. 工科
basic sciences n. 基础科学
applied sciences n. 应用科学
theoretical knowledge 理论知识
academic studies 学术研究
primary-level (or elementary-level), secondary-level or tertiary-level education 小、
中、大学教育
vocational education (or training) 职业教育
degree factory 学历工厂
apply sth. to... 将……应用到……中
practical and professional skills 实用的职业技能
employable (or marketable) skills 就业技能
a (or the) competitive edge 竞争优势
become competitive in the job market 在职场上有竞争力
qualify v.(使)具有资格
qualified employees 合格的雇员
A school is society in miniature. 学校是社会的缩影。
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